Sleep hygiene Analysis 3/16/2021

library(ggplot2)
library(dplyr)

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library(tidyverse)

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library(arsenal)
library(data.table)

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library(expss)

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library(ggsci)

#ideas, stratify by what do you consider a good nights sleep
#additive index according to behaviors 
#regression models for the outcome.

#Positive quality of sleep - 
#Consistent wake up 
#Greater than 7 hrs to 9 hrs --> stratify #for sure USE THIS AND ONE OR THE OTHER
  #Agreement questions Q44
  #Current bedtime routines
  #Current lifestyle habits
  #Employment and children

analysisdata <- readRDS("foranalysis.rds")

analysisdata <- analysisdata %>% mutate(
  compositeoutcomegoodsleep = case_when(
    Q10_workdayhoursofsleep >= 7.0 & Q10_workdayhoursofsleep <= 9.0 ~ 1,
    Q10_workdayhoursofsleep < 7.0 | Q10_workdayhoursofsleep > 9.0 ~ 0,
    Q44_6_ifeelpositiveaboutthequalityofmysleep == "Somewhat agree" & Q13_consistentwakeup == "Yes" ~ 1,
    Q44_6_ifeelpositiveaboutthequalityofmysleep == "Strongly agree" & Q13_consistentwakeup == "Yes"~ 1,
    Q44_6_ifeelpositiveaboutthequalityofmysleep == "Strongly disagree" & (Q13_consistentwakeup == "No" | Q13_consistentwakeup == "Sometimes") ~ 0,
    Q44_6_ifeelpositiveaboutthequalityofmysleep == "Somewhat disagree" & (Q13_consistentwakeup == "No" | Q13_consistentwakeup == "Sometimes") ~ 0,
    Q44_6_ifeelpositiveaboutthequalityofmysleep == "Neither agree nor disagree" & (Q13_consistentwakeup == "No" | Q13_consistentwakeup == "Sometimes") ~ 0
  )
) %>% mutate(compositeoutcomegoodsleep = factor(compositeoutcomegoodsleep, label = c("Poor sleep", "Good sleep"))) %>%
  filter(!is.na(compositeoutcomegoodsleep))

tab1 <- tableby(compositeoutcomegoodsleep~ Q3_role + 
                  Q4_gender +
                  Q5_age +
                  Q6_numberinhousehold +
                  Q37_employed +
                  Q8_diagnosis +
                  Q10_workdayhoursofsleep +
                  Q11_weekendhoursofsleep +
                  Q9_howoftensleepy,
                data=analysisdata, test=TRUE, total=TRUE, 
                numeric.stats=c("medianq1q3"), numeric.test="kwt", cat.test="chisq")
summary(tab1, title='Table 1. Baseline information', pfootnote=TRUE, digits = 2)

Table 1. Baseline information

	Poor sleep (N=70)	Good sleep (N=133)	Total (N=203)	p value
What is your role at Bloomberg				0.7051
Faculty/Staff Member	3 (4.3%)	3 (2.3%)	6 (3.0%)
Full-time student	47 (67.1%)	93 (69.9%)	140 (69.0%)
Part-time student	20 (28.6%)	37 (27.8%)	57 (28.1%)
What gender do you identify as?				0.1581
Female	53 (75.7%)	110 (82.7%)	163 (80.3%)
Male	13 (18.6%)	22 (16.5%)	35 (17.2%)
Non-binary / third gender	3 (4.3%)	1 (0.8%)	4 (2.0%)
Prefer not to say	1 (1.4%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (0.5%)
How old are you?				0.7352
Median (Q1, Q3)	28.00 (25.00, 33.25)	28.00 (25.00, 32.00)	28.00 (25.00, 32.00)
How many people live in your household, including yourself?				0.4782
Median (Q1, Q3)	2.00 (2.00, 3.00)	2.00 (2.00, 3.00)	2.00 (2.00, 3.00)
Are you currently employed outside of your education program?				0.7071
N-Miss	0	1	1
No	32 (45.7%)	64 (48.5%)	96 (47.5%)
Yes	38 (54.3%)	68 (51.5%)	106 (52.5%)
Have you ever been diagnosed with any of the following sleep disorders?				0.6021
Insomnia	4 (5.7%)	8 (6.0%)	12 (5.9%)
No	62 (88.6%)	122 (91.7%)	184 (90.6%)
Other	2 (2.9%)	1 (0.8%)	3 (1.5%)
Sleep Apnea	2 (2.9%)	2 (1.5%)	4 (2.0%)
During the past 5 workdays, how many hours of sleep did you get per night on average?				< 0.0012
Median (Q1, Q3)	6.00 (5.00, 6.00)	7.00 (7.00, 8.00)	7.00 (6.00, 7.50)
During the past weekend, how many hours of sleep did you get per night on average?				< 0.0012
Median (Q1, Q3)	7.00 (6.00, 8.50)	8.00 (7.50, 9.00)	8.00 (7.00, 9.00)
How often do you feel sleepy during the day?
N-Miss	27	38	65
Never	0 (0.0%)	3 (3.2%)	3 (2.2%)
Rarely	6 (14.0%)	20 (21.1%)	26 (18.8%)
Sometimes	29 (67.4%)	69 (72.6%)	98 (71.0%)
Very often	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)
Always	8 (18.6%)	3 (3.2%)	11 (8.0%)

1. Pearson’s Chi-squared test
2. Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test

#If student
student <- analysisdata %>% filter(Q3_role != "Faculty/Staff Member")

tab1 <- tableby(compositeoutcomegoodsleep~ Q2_program,
                data=student, test=TRUE, total=TRUE, 
                numeric.stats=c("medianq1q3"), numeric.test="kwt", cat.test="chisq")
summary(tab1, title='Table 1. Baseline information', pfootnote=TRUE, digits = 2)

Table 1. Baseline information

	Poor sleep (N=67)	Good sleep (N=130)	Total (N=197)	p value
What is your current program at Bloomberg?				0.4241
Doctoral Student	14 (20.9%)	40 (30.8%)	54 (27.4%)
Masters Student	51 (76.1%)	86 (66.2%)	137 (69.5%)
Other	0 (0.0%)	1 (0.8%)	1 (0.5%)
Post doctoral student	2 (3.0%)	3 (2.3%)	5 (2.5%)

1. Pearson’s Chi-squared test

#If employed 
employed <- analysisdata %>% filter(Q37_employed == "Yes")

tab1 <- tableby(compositeoutcomegoodsleep ~ Q38_wfh,
                data=employed, test=TRUE, total=TRUE, 
                numeric.stats=c("medianq1q3"), numeric.test="kwt", cat.test="chisq")
summary(tab1, title='Table 1. Baseline information', pfootnote=TRUE, digits = 2)

Table 1. Baseline information

	Poor sleep (N=38)	Good sleep (N=68)	Total (N=106)	p value
Do you work from home?				0.5761
No	12 (31.6%)	18 (26.5%)	30 (28.3%)
Yes	26 (68.4%)	50 (73.5%)	76 (71.7%)

1. Pearson’s Chi-squared test

#If wfh
notworkfromhome <- analysisdata %>% filter(Q37_employed == "Yes" & Q38_wfh == "No")

tab1 <- tableby(compositeoutcomegoodsleep ~ Q39_dayornight,
                data=notworkfromhome, test=TRUE, total=TRUE, 
                numeric.stats=c("medianq1q3"), numeric.test="kwt", cat.test="chisq")
summary(tab1, title='Table 1. Baseline information', pfootnote=TRUE, digits = 2)

Table 1. Baseline information

	Poor sleep (N=12)	Good sleep (N=18)	Total (N=30)	p value
Do you work day or night shifts?				0.3481
N-Miss	0	1	1
Day shift	10 (83.3%)	16 (94.1%)	26 (89.7%)
Night shift	2 (16.7%)	1 (5.9%)	3 (10.3%)

1. Pearson’s Chi-squared test

tab1 <- tableby(compositeoutcomegoodsleep~  
                  Q15_consistentbedtimeonweekdays +
                  Q49_sleepqualitychangecovid +
                  bedtimeroutine +
                  Q19_howmanyhourssdidyouuseascreen +
                  as.numeric(Q19_howmanyhourssdidyouuseascreen) +
                  Q12_1_howmanynightsusescreen +
                  Q17_stressedaboutschool +
                  cantsleepfeeling +
                  Q18_howoftenpracticemindfullness +
                  behaviors +
                  Q44_1_thingsidointhelasthourbeforesleepaffectthequalityofmysleep +
                  Q44_2_gettingagoodnightssleepisimportantome +
                  Q44_3_mostofmyfriendshaveahealthysleeproutine +
                  Q44_4_lackofsleepaffectsmyacademicperformance +
                  Q44_5_havingaregularsleeproutineimprovesmentalclariy +
                  Q44_7_ithinkcuttingoutscreenuseonehourbeforesleepleadstobettersleep +
                  Q44_8_ithinkingworkingoutregularlyleadstobettersleep +
                  Q44_9_ithinkmeditatingbeforesleephelpsquality +
                  Q59_1_icanmaintainhealthysleephabits +
                  Q59_2_icancutoutscreenuseonehourbeforesleep +
                  Q59_3_icanworkoutregularly +
                  Q59_4_icanmediatebeforebed +
                  Q37_whatdoyouconsideragoodnightssleep +
                  Q50_1_energyfordailyacitivites +
                  Q50_2_attractivness +
                  Q50_3_productivity +
                  Q50_4_accomplishmentofotherdailygoals +
                  Q50_5_mentalandemotionalwellbeing +
                  Q50_6_fosteringmaintaingrelationships +
                  Q50_7_caringforchildren +
                  Q53_1_getoutsidefor10mininthemorning +
                  Q53_2_exerciseduringtheday +
                  Q53_3_doingabreathingexercisebeforesleep +
                  Q53_4_notusescreens +
                  Q53_5_listeningtoacalmingaudiobookorpodcast +
                  information,
                data=analysisdata, test=TRUE, total=TRUE, 
                numeric.stats=c("medianq1q3"), numeric.test="kwt", cat.test="chisq")
summary(tab1, title='Table 2. Sleep questions', pfootnote=TRUE, digits = 2)

Table 2. Sleep questions

	Poor sleep (N=70)	Good sleep (N=133)	Total (N=203)	p value
Do you have a consistent time you wake up on weekdays?				< 0.0011
No	45 (64.3%)	41 (30.8%)	86 (42.4%)
Sometimes	13 (18.6%)	34 (25.6%)	47 (23.2%)
Yes	12 (17.1%)	58 (43.6%)	70 (34.5%)
Has your sleep quality changed due to the COVID-19 pandemic?				0.0821
N-Miss	1	1	2
No	23 (33.3%)	50 (37.9%)	73 (36.3%)
Yes, I feel my sleep quality has improved	5 (7.2%)	22 (16.7%)	27 (13.4%)
Yes, I feel my sleep quality has worsened	41 (59.4%)	60 (45.5%)	101 (50.2%)
My bedtime routine includes:				0.2901
N-Miss	0	1	1
Brushing teeth	20 (28.6%)	46 (34.8%)	66 (32.7%)
Phone usage	2 (2.9%)	7 (5.3%)	9 (4.5%)
Reading	4 (5.7%)	1 (0.8%)	5 (2.5%)
Showering	1 (1.4%)	1 (0.8%)	2 (1.0%)
Washing my face	42 (60.0%)	76 (57.6%)	118 (58.4%)
Watching TV	1 (1.4%)	1 (0.8%)	2 (1.0%)
How many hours per day do you typically use a screen? (i.e. cell phone, tablet, computer, television)
N-Miss	2	1	3
0	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)
1	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)
2	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)
3	1 (1.5%)	2 (1.5%)	3 (1.5%)
4	1 (1.5%)	4 (3.0%)	5 (2.5%)
5	0 (0.0%)	5 (3.8%)	5 (2.5%)
6	5 (7.4%)	4 (3.0%)	9 (4.5%)
7	2 (2.9%)	3 (2.3%)	5 (2.5%)
8	8 (11.8%)	20 (15.2%)	28 (14.0%)
9	3 (4.4%)	7 (5.3%)	10 (5.0%)
10	17 (25.0%)	39 (29.5%)	56 (28.0%)
11	2 (2.9%)	0 (0.0%)	2 (1.0%)
12	16 (23.5%)	35 (26.5%)	51 (25.5%)
13	1 (1.5%)	3 (2.3%)	4 (2.0%)
14	6 (8.8%)	7 (5.3%)	13 (6.5%)
15	4 (5.9%)	1 (0.8%)	5 (2.5%)
16	1 (1.5%)	2 (1.5%)	3 (1.5%)
17	1 (1.5%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (0.5%)
How many hours per day do you typically use a screen? (i.e. cell phone, tablet, computer, television)				0.1822
Median (Q1, Q3)	11.00 (9.75, 13.00)	11.00 (9.00, 13.00)	11.00 (9.00, 13.00)
In the past week, how many nights did you use screens (i.e. cell phone, tablet, computer, television) within 1 hour before bed?				0.0492
Median (Q1, Q3)	7.00 (7.00, 7.00)	7.00 (6.00, 7.00)	7.00 (7.00, 7.00)
How stressed do you currently feel about school?				0.0162
Median (Q1, Q3)	7.00 (6.00, 9.00)	7.00 (5.00, 8.00)	7.00 (5.00, 8.00)
When you can’t sleep do you feel				0.5861
Angry	3 (4.3%)	10 (7.5%)	13 (6.4%)
Frustrated	33 (47.1%)	70 (52.6%)	103 (50.7%)
Guilty	14 (20.0%)	20 (15.0%)	34 (16.7%)
None of the above	4 (5.7%)	9 (6.8%)	13 (6.4%)
Other	4 (5.7%)	6 (4.5%)	10 (4.9%)
Sad	4 (5.7%)	2 (1.5%)	6 (3.0%)
Stressed	8 (11.4%)	16 (12.0%)	24 (11.8%)
How often do you practice mindfulness techniques? (i.e. breathing exercises, meditation, etc.,)
N-Miss	6	12	18
Never	10 (15.6%)	23 (19.0%)	33 (17.8%)
Rarely	31 (48.4%)	44 (36.4%)	75 (40.5%)
Sometimes	22 (34.4%)	50 (41.3%)	72 (38.9%)
Very often	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)
Always	1 (1.6%)	4 (3.3%)	5 (2.7%)
Which of the following behaviors do you participate in?				0.0371
N-Miss	1	1	2
Alcohol Consumption	24 (34.8%)	73 (55.3%)	97 (48.3%)
Cigarette smoking	3 (4.3%)	1 (0.8%)	4 (2.0%)
Daytime napping	0 (0.0%)	1 (0.8%)	1 (0.5%)
Drinking Caffeinated beverages	2 (2.9%)	2 (1.5%)	4 (2.0%)
Exercise	27 (39.1%)	43 (32.6%)	70 (34.8%)
Social Media Use	13 (18.8%)	12 (9.1%)	25 (12.4%)
The things I do in the last hour before bed affect the quality of my sleep.				0.8371
Strongly disagree	3 (4.3%)	4 (3.0%)	7 (3.4%)
Somewhat disagree	6 (8.6%)	8 (6.0%)	14 (6.9%)
Neither agree nor disagree	8 (11.4%)	11 (8.3%)	19 (9.4%)
Somewhat agree	31 (44.3%)	63 (47.4%)	94 (46.3%)
Strongly agree	22 (31.4%)	47 (35.3%)	69 (34.0%)
Getting a good night’s sleep is important to me.				0.0301
Strongly disagree	0 (0.0%)	1 (0.8%)	1 (0.5%)
Somewhat disagree	0 (0.0%)	1 (0.8%)	1 (0.5%)
Neither agree nor disagree	3 (4.3%)	1 (0.8%)	4 (2.0%)
Somewhat agree	16 (22.9%)	13 (9.8%)	29 (14.3%)
Strongly agree	51 (72.9%)	117 (88.0%)	168 (82.8%)
Most of my friends have a healthy sleep routine.				0.0451
N-Miss	1	0	1
Strongly disagree	6 (8.7%)	3 (2.3%)	9 (4.5%)
Somewhat disagree	14 (20.3%)	27 (20.3%)	41 (20.3%)
Neither agree nor disagree	25 (36.2%)	71 (53.4%)	96 (47.5%)
Somewhat agree	18 (26.1%)	27 (20.3%)	45 (22.3%)
Strongly agree	6 (8.7%)	5 (3.8%)	11 (5.4%)
Lack of sleep affects my academic performance.				0.7391
N-Miss	1	0	1
Strongly disagree	1 (1.4%)	2 (1.5%)	3 (1.5%)
Somewhat disagree	4 (5.8%)	7 (5.3%)	11 (5.4%)
Neither agree nor disagree	7 (10.1%)	7 (5.3%)	14 (6.9%)
Somewhat agree	25 (36.2%)	56 (42.1%)	81 (40.1%)
Strongly agree	32 (46.4%)	61 (45.9%)	93 (46.0%)
Having a regular sleep routine improves mental clarity/sharpness.
Strongly disagree	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)
Somewhat disagree	0 (0.0%)	1 (0.8%)	1 (0.5%)
Neither agree nor disagree	4 (5.7%)	6 (4.5%)	10 (4.9%)
Somewhat agree	14 (20.0%)	37 (27.8%)	51 (25.1%)
Strongly agree	52 (74.3%)	89 (66.9%)	141 (69.5%)
I think cutting out screen use 1 hour before bed leads to better sleep.				0.1931
Strongly disagree	5 (7.1%)	3 (2.3%)	8 (3.9%)
Somewhat disagree	4 (5.7%)	2 (1.5%)	6 (3.0%)
Neither agree nor disagree	12 (17.1%)	27 (20.3%)	39 (19.2%)
Somewhat agree	29 (41.4%)	57 (42.9%)	86 (42.4%)
Strongly agree	20 (28.6%)	44 (33.1%)	64 (31.5%)
I think working out regularly leads to better sleep.
Strongly disagree	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)
Somewhat disagree	2 (2.9%)	1 (0.8%)	3 (1.5%)
Neither agree nor disagree	4 (5.7%)	13 (9.8%)	17 (8.4%)
Somewhat agree	23 (32.9%)	36 (27.1%)	59 (29.1%)
Strongly agree	41 (58.6%)	83 (62.4%)	124 (61.1%)
I think meditating before bed helps sleep quality.				0.1141
N-Miss	0	1	1
Strongly disagree	5 (7.1%)	1 (0.8%)	6 (3.0%)
Somewhat disagree	5 (7.1%)	6 (4.5%)	11 (5.4%)
Neither agree nor disagree	23 (32.9%)	45 (34.1%)	68 (33.7%)
Somewhat agree	20 (28.6%)	46 (34.8%)	66 (32.7%)
Strongly agree	17 (24.3%)	34 (25.8%)	51 (25.2%)
I can maintain healthy sleep habits.				< 0.0011
N-Miss	0	1	1
Not at all confident	8 (11.4%)	6 (4.5%)	14 (6.9%)
Slightly confident	19 (27.1%)	9 (6.8%)	28 (13.9%)
Somewhat confident	24 (34.3%)	41 (31.1%)	65 (32.2%)
Pretty confident	18 (25.7%)	54 (40.9%)	72 (35.6%)
Extremely confident	1 (1.4%)	22 (16.7%)	23 (11.4%)
I can cut out screen use 1 hour before bed.				0.3741
N-Miss	0	1	1
Not at all confident	18 (25.7%)	27 (20.5%)	45 (22.3%)
Slightly confident	25 (35.7%)	38 (28.8%)	63 (31.2%)
Somewhat confident	15 (21.4%)	36 (27.3%)	51 (25.2%)
Pretty confident	6 (8.6%)	22 (16.7%)	28 (13.9%)
Extremely confident	6 (8.6%)	9 (6.8%)	15 (7.4%)
I can work out regularly.				0.0911
N-Miss	1	1	2
Not at all confident	9 (13.0%)	6 (4.5%)	15 (7.5%)
Slightly confident	16 (23.2%)	21 (15.9%)	37 (18.4%)
Somewhat confident	12 (17.4%)	27 (20.5%)	39 (19.4%)
Pretty confident	17 (24.6%)	34 (25.8%)	51 (25.4%)
Extremely confident	15 (21.7%)	44 (33.3%)	59 (29.4%)
I can meditate before bed.				0.5391
N-Miss	0	1	1
Not at all confident	15 (21.4%)	29 (22.0%)	44 (21.8%)
Slightly confident	18 (25.7%)	34 (25.8%)	52 (25.7%)
Somewhat confident	23 (32.9%)	32 (24.2%)	55 (27.2%)
Pretty confident	8 (11.4%)	26 (19.7%)	34 (16.8%)
Extremely confident	6 (8.6%)	11 (8.3%)	17 (8.4%)
What do you consider a good night’s sleep?				0.0061
10+ hours	1 (1.4%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (0.5%)
7 hours	16 (22.9%)	13 (9.8%)	29 (14.3%)
8 hours	47 (67.1%)	93 (69.9%)	140 (69.0%)
9 hours	5 (7.1%)	27 (20.3%)	32 (15.8%)
Less than or equal to 6 hours	1 (1.4%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (0.5%)
Energy for daily activities				0.4962
Median (Q1, Q3)	5.00 (4.00, 5.00)	5.00 (4.00, 5.00)	5.00 (4.00, 5.00)
Attractiveness (to self & others)				0.0072
Median (Q1, Q3)	4.00 (3.00, 4.00)	3.00 (2.00, 4.00)	3.00 (2.00, 4.00)
Productivity at work/school				0.2562
Median (Q1, Q3)	5.00 (5.00, 5.00)	5.00 (4.00, 5.00)	5.00 (4.00, 5.00)
Accomplishment of other daily goals (e.g. exercise, cooking, paying bills, etc)				0.2882
Median (Q1, Q3)	5.00 (4.00, 5.00)	4.00 (4.00, 5.00)	5.00 (4.00, 5.00)
Mental and emotional wellbeing				0.5222
Median (Q1, Q3)	5.00 (4.00, 5.00)	5.00 (4.00, 5.00)	5.00 (4.00, 5.00)
Fostering/maintaining relationships				0.4182
Median (Q1, Q3)	4.00 (4.00, 5.00)	4.00 (3.00, 5.00)	4.00 (3.00, 5.00)
Caring for children				0.5732
Median (Q1, Q3)	1.00 (1.00, 4.00)	1.00 (1.00, 3.00)	1.00 (1.00, 3.50)
Get outside for 10 minutes in the morning.				0.9832
Median (Q1, Q3)	4.00 (2.00, 5.00)	4.00 (2.00, 5.00)	4.00 (2.00, 5.00)
Exercise during the day.				0.0252
Median (Q1, Q3)	4.00 (3.00, 5.00)	4.00 (3.00, 5.00)	4.00 (3.00, 5.00)
Do a breathing exercise before you sleep.				0.2542
Median (Q1, Q3)	3.00 (2.00, 4.00)	3.00 (2.00, 4.00)	3.00 (2.00, 4.00)
Not use screens (i.e. cell phone, tablet, computer, television) for 1 hour before bed				0.0142
Median (Q1, Q3)	2.00 (1.00, 3.00)	3.00 (2.00, 3.00)	2.00 (2.00, 3.00)
Listen to a calming audiobook or podcast before bed				0.9792
Median (Q1, Q3)	3.00 (1.00, 4.00)	3.00 (2.00, 4.00)	3.00 (2.00, 4.00)
Where have you seen or received information about sleep quality or sleep hygiene?				0.0241
N-Miss	5	10	15
Friends	0 (0.0%)	8 (6.5%)	8 (4.3%)
Health care professional	30 (46.2%)	40 (32.5%)	70 (37.2%)
News sources	4 (6.2%)	9 (7.3%)	13 (6.9%)
Other online source	7 (10.8%)	17 (13.8%)	24 (12.8%)
Social media	15 (23.1%)	43 (35.0%)	58 (30.9%)
University wellbeing resources	9 (13.8%)	6 (4.9%)	15 (8.0%)

1. Pearson’s Chi-squared test
2. Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test

Fig 1

g<- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q3_role, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=32)) +
  labs(title = "Role") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

Fig 2

g<- ggplot(student) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q2_program, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=32)) +
  labs(title = "What is your current program at Bloomberg?") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

Fig 3

g<- ggplot(student) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q4_gender, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=32)) +
  labs(title = "What gender do you identify as?") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

Fig 4

g<- ggplot(student) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q37_employed, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=32)) +
  labs(title = "Are you currently employed outside of your education program?") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

Fig 5

g<- ggplot(employed) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q38_wfh, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=32)) +
  labs(title = "Do you work from home?") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

Fig 6

g<- ggplot(notworkfromhome) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q39_dayornight, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=32)) +
  labs(title = "Do you work day or night shifts?") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

Fig 7

g<- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q7_children, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=15)) +
  labs(title = "Are there children living in your household?") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

Fig 8

g<-ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q8_diagnosis, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=20), axis.text.x = element_text(size=32)) +
  labs(title = "Have you ever been diagnosed with any of the following sleep disorders?") +
  xlab("") + 
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

Fig 9

g<-ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q9_howoftensleepy, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=32)) +
  labs(title = "How often do you feel sleepy during the day?") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

Fig 10

g<- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q13_consistentwakeup, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=32)) +
  labs(title = "Do you have a consistent time you wake up on weekdays?") +
  xlab("") + 
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

Fig 11

g<- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q15_consistentbedtimeonweekdays, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "Do you have a consistent bedtime on weekdays?") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

Fig 12

g<- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q49_sleepqualitychangecovid, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "Has your sleep quality changed due to the COVID-19 pandemic?") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

Fig 13

g<- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=bedtimeroutine, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "My bedtime routine includes") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

Fig 14

g<-ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q17_stressedaboutschool, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "How stressed do you currently feel about school?") +
  xlab("") + 
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

## Warning: Removed 2 rows containing non-finite values (stat_count).

Fig 15

g<- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=cantsleepfeeling, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "When you can't sleep do you feel") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

Fig 16

g<- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q18_howoftenpracticemindfullness, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "How often do you practice mindfulness techniques? (i.e. breathing exercises, meditation, etc.,") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

Fig 17

g<- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=behaviors, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "Which of the following behaviors do you participate in? Check all that apply. ") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

Fig 18

g<-ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q44_1_thingsidointhelasthourbeforesleepaffectthequalityofmysleep, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "The things I do in the last hour before bed affect the quality of my sleep.") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

g<- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q44_2_gettingagoodnightssleepisimportantome, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "Getting a good night's sleep is important to me.") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

g<- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q44_3_mostofmyfriendshaveahealthysleeproutine, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "Most of my friends have a healthy sleep routine.") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

g<- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q44_4_lackofsleepaffectsmyacademicperformance, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "Lack of sleep affects my academic performance.") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

g<- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q44_5_havingaregularsleeproutineimprovesmentalclariy, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "Having a regular sleep routine improves mental clarity/sharpness.") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 
g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

g<- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q44_6_ifeelpositiveaboutthequalityofmysleep, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "I feel positive about the quality of my sleep.") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

g<- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q44_7_ithinkcuttingoutscreenuseonehourbeforesleepleadstobettersleep, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "I think cutting out screen use 1 hour before bed leads to better sleep.") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

g<-ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q44_8_ithinkingworkingoutregularlyleadstobettersleep, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "I think working out regularly leads to better sleep.") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 
g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

g<- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q44_9_ithinkmeditatingbeforesleephelpsquality, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "I think meditating before bed helps sleep quality.") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

Fig 19

g <- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q59_1_icanmaintainhealthysleephabits, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "I can maintain healthy sleep habits.") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

g<- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q59_2_icancutoutscreenuseonehourbeforesleep, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "I can cut out screen use 1 hour before bed.") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 
g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

g <- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q59_3_icanworkoutregularly, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "I can work out regularly.") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

g<- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q59_4_icanmediatebeforebed, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "I can meditate before bed.") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

Fig 20

g <- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q50_1_energyfordailyacitivites, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "Energy for daily activities") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

## Warning: Removed 1 rows containing non-finite values (stat_count).

g <- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q50_2_attractivness, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "Attractiveness (to self & others)") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

## Warning: Removed 1 rows containing non-finite values (stat_count).

g<- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q50_3_productivity, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "Productivity at work/school") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

## Warning: Removed 1 rows containing non-finite values (stat_count).

g <- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q50_4_accomplishmentofotherdailygoals, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "Accomplishment of other daily goals (e.g. exercise, cooking, paying bills, etc)") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

## Warning: Removed 1 rows containing non-finite values (stat_count).

g<- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q50_5_mentalandemotionalwellbeing, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "Mental and emotional wellbeing") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

## Warning: Removed 2 rows containing non-finite values (stat_count).

g <- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q50_6_fosteringmaintaingrelationships, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "Fostering/maintaining relationships") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

## Warning: Removed 2 rows containing non-finite values (stat_count).

g <- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q50_7_caringforchildren, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "Caring for children") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

## Warning: Removed 8 rows containing non-finite values (stat_count).

Fig 21

g <- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q59_1_icanmaintainhealthysleephabits, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "I can maintain healthy sleep habits.") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

g <- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q59_2_icancutoutscreenuseonehourbeforesleep, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "I can cut out screen use 1 hour before bed.") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='')  

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

g<-ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q59_3_icanworkoutregularly, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "I can work out regularly.") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g + scale_fill_lancet() 

g <-ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q59_4_icanmediatebeforebed, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "I can meditate before bed.") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

Fig 22

g<-ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=information, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=20), axis.text.x = element_text(size=16)) +
  labs(title = "Where have you seen or received information about sleep quality or sleep hygiene? Check all that apply. ") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet()